Digital technology enables organizations to increase productivity and better interact with customers. However, in many technological initiatives, cost overruns are still observed, which significantly damages the end result and undermines the value of the software development effort.

Cost estimation is not a simple task, the incorrect solution of which can lead to disastrous consequences. In order to avoid such an outcome, companies must take into account the costs of man hours, user needs, program capabilities, structure and coding costs. Proper distribution of invested funds requires a strategic approach to the organization of projects, and clarity of their final result, which allows to achieve certain business goals.

In severe cases, sometimes you even need to return to the very beginning of planning and again evaluate the priorities of financing your digital endeavors. Therefore, we offer you some practical tips for building an effective software development budget in 2020.

When you often conduct interviews, you may want to have several key questions at hand so that you can immediately understand what kind of programmer is in front of you. Today we give you expert advice whether there are such questions, and if so, what are they.

A novice developer often does not think about what the program is intended for and how it will be used in the future. For many, compliance with code quality standards comes to the foreground, also most developers do not care how this code will be used in real life.
If the project manager is not experienced enough or does not have time to dive into business processes, a situation may arise when the program works correctly in test mode, and when switching to the production version, it shows a bunch of errors and shortcomings. We'll figure out what a novice developer needs to consider so that development is useful to the end user.
Step 1: Do sanity checks
Novice developers often implement "good" algorithms that work great with the "right" data. They do not pay attention to the behavior of the program when “incorrect” data comes into it. Namely, this is usually the first thing that happens as soon as the program starts working in a production environment.
It is difficult for the programmer to take into account absolutely all possible situations, but to work in this direction is necessary. The algorithm should have sanity checks in each block of code and generate messages for the user indicating warnings or errors in the data.

SWR (Standing Wave Ratio) - in RF engineering and microwave, the ratio of the amplitude of the maximum (in a line) to the amplitude of the minimum (in the same line) of the standing wave in a cable, antenna or waveguide. SWR is a rate of the impedance matching of the load with the internal impedance of the feeder line or waveguide. The problem with mismatched impedance leads to the appearance of unwanted standing waves along the transmission line.

SWR is defined as the ratio of the amplitude of the standing wave (unwanted) in the maximum to the amplitude at the minimum along the transmission line. SWR characterizes the degree of matching of the loading Wi-Fi antenna and the feeder (coaxial cable or feeding waveguide). Sometimes SWR is given for matching the output of the wireless Wi-Fi Access point and it’s feeder.

In practice, there always exists some part of the transmitted energy that is reflected and returned back to the transmitter. Too much reflected energy degrades the operation of the wireless transmitter or can even damage it.