Simple program to explain SDL rendering
SDL stands for Simple DirectMedia Layer library. SDL is a cross-platform graphics library that provides low-level access to graphics, audio, keyboard hardware via OpenGL and Direct3D. SDL is well-ported to Windows, Mac OS, Linux, Android, and iOS.
SDL is written in C, works with minimal effort with C++, also there are many bindings available for other languages like C#.
Simple SDL program example to explain rendering and keyboard handling
#include <SDL2/SDL.h>
#include <SDL2/SDL_image.h>
#include <SDL2/SDL_timer.h>
int main()
{
// retutns zero on success else non-zero
if (SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_EVERYTHING) != 0) {
printf("error initializing SDL: %s\n", SDL_GetError());
}
SDL_Window* win = SDL_CreateWindow("SDL Example", // creates a window
SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED,
SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED,
1000, 1000, 0);
// triggers the program that controls
// your graphics hardware and sets flags
Uint32 render_flags = SDL_RENDERER_ACCELERATED;
// creates a renderer to render our images
SDL_Renderer* rend = SDL_CreateRenderer(win, -1, render_flags);
// creates a surface to load an image into the main memory
SDL_Surface* surface;
// please provide a path for your image
surface = IMG_Load("path");
// loads image to our graphics hardware memory.
SDL_Texture* tex = SDL_CreateTextureFromSurface(rend, surface);
// clears main-memory
SDL_FreeSurface(surface);
// let us control our image position
// so that we can move it with our keyboard.
SDL_Rect dest;
// connects our texture with dest to control position
SDL_QueryTexture(tex, NULL, NULL, &dest.w, &dest.h);
// adjust height and width of our image box.
dest.w /= 6;
dest.h /= 6;
// sets initial x-position of object
dest.x = (1000 - dest.w) / 2;
// sets initial y-position of object
dest.y = (1000 - dest.h) / 2;
// controls annimation loop
int close = 0;
// speed of box
int speed = 300;
// annimation loop
while (!close) {
SDL_Event event;
// Events mangement
while (SDL_PollEvent(&event)) {
switch (event.type) {
case SDL_QUIT:
// handling of close button
close = 1;
break;
case SDL_KEYDOWN:
// keyboard API for key pressed
switch (event.key.keysym.scancode) {
case SDL_SCANCODE_W:
case SDL_SCANCODE_UP:
dest.y -= speed / 30;
break;
case SDL_SCANCODE_A:
case SDL_SCANCODE_LEFT:
dest.x -= speed / 30;
break;
case SDL_SCANCODE_S:
case SDL_SCANCODE_DOWN:
dest.y += speed / 30;
break;
case SDL_SCANCODE_D:
case SDL_SCANCODE_RIGHT:
dest.x += speed / 30;
break;
}
}
}
// right boundary
if (dest.x + dest.w > 1000)
dest.x = 1000 - dest.w;
// left boundary
if (dest.x < 0)
dest.x = 0;
// bottom boundary
if (dest.y + dest.h > 1000)
dest.y = 1000 - dest.h;
// upper boundary
if (dest.y < 0)
dest.y = 0;
// clears the screen
SDL_RenderClear(rend);
SDL_RenderCopy(rend, tex, NULL, &dest);
// triggers the double buffers
// for multiple rendering
SDL_RenderPresent(rend);
// calculates to 60 fps
SDL_Delay(1000 / 60);
}
// destroy texture
SDL_DestroyTexture(tex);
// destroy renderer
SDL_DestroyRenderer(rend);
// destroy window
SDL_DestroyWindow(win);
return 0;
}
Read more: SDL tutorials